US Fed leaves rates unchanged despite higher inflation

The US Federal Reserve has held interest rates steady and projected higher inflation, steady unemployment and only a single reduction in borrowing costs this year as officials took stock of economic risks from the US and Israeli war with Iran.

New projections from US central bank policymakers showed the Fed's benchmark overnight interest rate would fall by just a quarter of a percentage point by the end of this year, with no hint of the timing of such a move.

All but one of the 12 voting members of the US Federal Reserve has voted to keep rates at a range of 3.5 to 3.75 per cent.

That view was unchanged from previous projections and remains out of step with President Donald Trump's demand for a sharp drop in borrowing costs.

US stocks pared losses slightly after the release of the Fed's policy statement and projections, with the S&P 500 index last down about 0.6 per cent and the Nasdaq Composite down about 0.5 per cent.

The dollar pared its earlier gains, with the dollar index last up 0.27 per cent. US Treasury yields also pared gains, with the 10-year yield last up at 4.214 per cent.

Inflation, as measured by the Fed's preferred gauge, was expected to end the year at 2.7 per cent, not far below its current rate and higher than the 2.4 per cent projected in December, possible fallout from the spike in global oil prices that followed the start of the bombing campaign against Iran.

"Implications of developments in the Middle East for the US economy are uncertain," the Fed said in a policy statement that also noted ongoing stable unemployment.

In a press conference following the outcome of the FOMC meeting, Fed Chair Jerome Powell reiterated the uncertainty the war creates for the outlook.

"In the near term, higher energy prices will push up overall inflation, but it is too soon to know the scope and duration of the potential effects on the economy," he said.

He added that monetary policy is "well positioned to determine the extent and timing of additional adjustments to our policy rate based on the incoming data, evolving outlook, and the balance of risks".

The new rate and economic projections showed the Fed, for now, largely looking through the oil shock, with policymakers still expecting to lower rates this year and anticipating inflation to be 2.2 per cent by the end of 2027, near the central bank's 2.0 per cent target.

Notably, no policymakers saw rates needing to move higher by the end of this year, though one official anticipated a rate increase in 2027.

Economic growth was upgraded slightly, to 2.4 per cent for 2026 versus 2.3 per cent in December, and the projected unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.4 per cent.

The decision to hold the policy rate steady was widely expected in financial markets, but the projections provide fresh information about how the US central bank is assessing the economic impact of a war that has disrupted global oil markets.

Oil prices have jumped from below $US80 ($A113) a barrel to $US108 ($A153) ahead of the Fed's policy decision, with US gasoline prices also spiking and new inflation data showing wholesale prices rising faster than expected even before the conflict began.

Other than the reference to the war, the Fed's new statement was little changed from the one issued at the end of its January 27-28 meeting.